The summer saw increased nervousness in the European markets in reaction to a fragile recovery from the pandemic and concerns about the spectre of inflation. However, trading in equities remained quite buoyant, especially in September, and Q3 volumes returned to their seasonal, pre-pandemic average, in contrast to last summer’s record breaking doldrums. Welcome to our latest quarterly survey of market volumes and fragmentation trends in European equities. If you are unfamiliar with the topic, we encourage you to visit our website to read our Microbites series for an explanation of European market microstructure.